@article {9,
	title = {Behaviour of damselfly larvae (Enallagma cyathigerum) (Insecta, Odonata) after long-term exposure to PFOS},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {157},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1332-6},
	abstract = {Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant that has been detected in organisms worldwide. Here, we evaluate whether long-term (1 and 4 months) exposure to PFOS contamination affects the behavioural performance of freshwater larvae of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum (Insecta: Odonata). Our results show reduced behavioural performance with increasing PFOS concentration. In 1 month exposed larvae, no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 100 microg/L for general activity. In 4 months exposed larvae, NOECs were 10 microg/L, for each behavioural trait, except swimming acceleration of male larvae where the NOEC was 100 microg/L. When faced with PFOS concentrations above the NOEC, E. cyathigerum larvae were less active, less capable to escape a simulated predator attack and less efficient in foraging. Together, our results show that damselfly larvae suffer reduced survival-related behavioural performance.},
	author = {Van Gossum, Hans and Bots, Jessica and Snijkers, Tom and Meyer, Johan and Van Wassenbergh, Sam and De Coen, Wim and De Bruyn, Luc}
}
