01607nas a2200205   4500008004100000245011000041210006900151260000800220300001100228490000800239520097700247100002101224700001801245700001801263700001701281700002501298700001701323700001801340856004301358       2009                        eng d00aBehaviour of damselfly larvae (Enallagma cyathigerum) (Insecta, Odonata) after long-term exposure to PFOS0 aBehaviour of damselfly larvae Enallagma cyathigerum Insecta Odon  cApr  a1332-60 v1573 aPerfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant that has been detected in organisms worldwide. Here, we evaluate whether long-term (1 and 4 months) exposure to PFOS contamination affects the behavioural performance of freshwater larvae of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum (Insecta: Odonata). Our results show reduced behavioural performance with increasing PFOS concentration. In 1 month exposed larvae, no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 100 microg/L for general activity. In 4 months exposed larvae, NOECs were 10 microg/L, for each behavioural trait, except swimming acceleration of male larvae where the NOEC was 100 microg/L. When faced with PFOS concentrations above the NOEC, E. cyathigerum larvae were less active, less capable to escape a simulated predator attack and less efficient in foraging. Together, our results show that damselfly larvae suffer reduced survival-related behavioural performance.1 aVan Gossum, Hans1 aBots, Jessica1 aSnijkers, Tom1 aMeyer, Johan1 aVan Wassenbergh, Sam1 aDe Coen, Wim1 aDe Bruyn, Luc  uhttps://odonatas.myspecies.info/node/9